Digester stability and early warning
A digester goes off long before the gas flow tells you. The early signals are chemical: the volatile fatty acid to alkalinity ratio climbing, ammonia rising into inhibition, hydrogen sulfide loading the biology. Reading those trends, not reacting to a crashed plant, is what keeps uptime.
The microbiology that runs the plant
Methane is made by a food chain of hydrolysers, acidogens, acetogens and methanogens, each with its own tolerances. Sulfate-reducing bacteria compete for substrate and generate H2S. Design and troubleshooting start from that biology outward, not from the equipment datasheet inward.
Feedstock characterisation and BMP
Biochemical methane potential testing to VDI 4630, at a sound inoculum-to-substrate ratio, turns a feedstock claim into a design number. Take the P90, not the headline yield, and the plant is sized against what the biology will actually deliver.
Biogas upgrading to biomethane
Water scrubbing, pressure-swing adsorption, membranes, amine and emerging sorbent routes each trade capital, parasitic load, methane slip and footprint differently. The right choice depends on scale, the gas market and the site, not on a single favoured technology.